Learned and Unlearned Societies
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Shock sensitization of startle: learned or unlearned fear?
Following shock, rats exhibit a potentiated startle response to a sudden, loud noise. It has been suggested that this shock sensitization of the startle response can be used as a model preparation for studying unlearned fear. After reviewing the theoretical and empirical bases for this claim, the results of several recent studies that show that the shock sensitization of startle effect is actua...
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Male zebra finches sing, females do not. However, both sexes produce the "long call" when placed in visual isolation. This call is sexually dimorphic; it includes learned components in males but not in females. The 3 learned features of the male long call are a high fundamental frequency, a fast frequency modulation, and a short, stable duration. These features are learned by the male during de...
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A search was made of the experimental literature on the effects of prenatal and/or early postnatal exposure to cocaine. The search encompassed the years 1982 to mid-1993. Only one selection criterion was imposed on the search: only articles reporting original experimental results were included. The search generated 57 relevant articles. A tabular summary of these, presented in chronological ord...
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BACKGROUND Rats receive information from other conspecifics by observation or other types of social interaction. Such social interaction may contribute to the effective adaptation to changes of environment such as situational switching. Learning to avoid dangerous places or objects rapidly occurs with even a single conditioning session, and the conditioned memory tends to be sustained over long...
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Endogenous opioid systems regulate neurobiological responses to threatening stimuli. Stimulation of -opioid receptors (KORs) produces analgesia but induces prodepressive-like effects in a variety of animal models. In contrast, KOR antagonists have antidepressant-like effects. KORs and their endogenous ligand dynorphin are expressed throughout brain areas involved in fear and anxiety, including ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1904
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/069464a0